What is ADHD and how do I know if my child has it?

The term ADHD, or Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, comes up a lot. From TikTok shorts to Harvard Medical School web publications, everyone is talking about ADHD and trying to figure out if they, or their child, has it. What is ADHD? How is it diagnosed, and how is it treated?

ADHD is a brain development condition that affects a person’s ability to focus, control impulses, and stay still. It impacts nearly 1 in 10 U.S. kids and can continue into adulthood. As children grow and mature, they develop physically, emotionally, and intellectually. Additionally, they also develop executive functioning skills. This is the set of cognitive skills that enables individuals to plan, organize, and execute tasks, as well as manage emotions and impulses. Children with ADHD often have a delay in the development of their executive function. This can lead to behaviors characteristic of the disorder.

Children with ADHD often display symptoms of hyperactivity. These include difficulty sitting still, fidgeting with their hands, and blurting out answers. They may show signs of increased impulsivity, acting without considering the consequences. Some children with this disorder may show signs of inattentiveness. These include forgetfulness in daily activities, not listening or paying attention, and making careless mistakes in schoolwork. Everyone can be forgetful or impulsive at times, misplacing their car keys, or interrupting a friend when talking about something exciting. However, to diagnose it, symptoms typically start at an early age, last for at least 6 months, and notably affect school performance, home life, and/or social interactions with others.

Any parent who is concerned that their child may have ADHD should first talk to their pediatrician. Your pediatrician will listen to your concerns, obtain a thorough medical history, and perform a thorough physical exam. It is important to consider other conditions that affect attention and focus. These include nutrition and sleep habits, psychiatric conditions like anxiety and depression, and learning disabilities. Your pediatrician may also ask your child’s teacher to complete a standardized questionnaire (e.g. Vanderbilt or Conners assessments) and want to review school records.

Early identification helps tailor support for your child’s needs. Call your pediatrician, or 208-367-DOCS (3627) to find a doctor, if you have concerns for ADHD or questions about your child’s development and behavior.

 

Dr. Naya Antink, MD is a General Pediatrician at SAMG Pediatrics Boise.